The latest tsunami is a natural phenomenon that can destroy in an instant. These large waves are usually caused by seismic activity such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or underwater landslides. When an earthquake occurs on the seabed, the energy released can trigger waves with speeds of up to 800 km/h, and as these waves approach the coast, their wave height can increase dramatically. One of the most striking characteristics of tsunamis is that there are no reliable warnings. The first wave may not always be the largest, and is often followed by a series of stronger and more destructive waves. Therefore, a deep understanding of this phenomenon is essential to reduce risks and increase safety, especially for countries located around the Pacific Ring of Fire. Tsunami waves can reach hundreds of kilometers in length in the open ocean, but when they enter shallower waters, they slow down, but their wave height increases. This is a consequence of a physical law known as the shoaling effect. This phenomenon creates the potential for significant damage when waves reach the coastline. Infrastructure, settlements and the environment will be threatened, especially in coastal areas. One of the preventive steps to deal with tsunamis is to build an early warning system. Undersea sensor technology and prediction models have been developed to detect earthquakes and predict potential tsunamis. Installing sirens in coastal areas is one way to warn the public as well as provide a clear evacuation route so that residents can stay away from risk zones. History records various tsunamis that devastated human life. An example is the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004, which killed more than 230,000 people in 14 countries. This tragedy brought global attention to the importance of tsunami preparedness and understanding. The social, economic and psychological impacts of this disaster underscore the need for public education about the dangers of tsunamis and the steps that can be taken. In addition, a number of studies have been conducted to understand more deeply the patterns and behavior of tsunamis. This research involves computer modeling to simulate tsunami scenarios and their effects, as well as studying the geological history of the region as an indicator of future disaster risk. In this way, scientists hope to better predict the behavior of future tsunamis and minimize their impact. In the modern era, the development of digital technology has become an important tool in disseminating information about tsunamis to the public. Mobile applications and social media are now a bridge for government institutions and safety organizations in conveying the latest information regarding the tsunami threat. This is expected to speed up the evacuation process and reduce the number of fatalities. Implementing a policy development plan involving the government, scientists and the community is the key to overcoming the tsunami risk. Education about evacuation routes, shelter and emergency measures when a tsunami occurs needs to be disseminated regularly. Training and simulation programs for the community can also increase awareness and speed of reaction to this natural disaster. More than just a natural disaster, tsunamis are a reminder of the unpredictable power of nature. Strengthening collaboration between states, non-governmental organizations and society at large could be an effective step in addressing and minimizing its effects. Awareness of the threat of tsunamis and preventive measures are very important for the safety and survival of communities in disaster-prone areas.
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